Chapter 4 Unit 2: Operators and Expressions

Contents

• Multiple Choice Questions (Tick the correct answers)
• Write the Java expressions for the following
• Predict the output for the following
• Answer the following questions

Multiple Choice Questions (Tick the correct answers)

Question 1

The statement n += 4 is equivalent to:

1. ++n
2. n=n+4
3. n+1
4. none

Question 2

What will be the output of 'a' and 'b' in the following if int a, b; a=10; b=a++;?

1. 10,10
2. 10,11
3. 11,10
4. 11,11

Question 3

What will be the output of a++ if int a = -1;?

1. 1
2. -1
3. 0
4. none

Question 4

If int a=25, b=5,c=0; what value is stored in c when c = a%b;?

1. 5.0
2. 5
3. 0
4. none

Question 5

What is the result of the following statement in Java: When int m=8; m*=8; System.out.println("The output ="+m);?

1. 8
2. 64
3. 16
4. 88

Question 6

double c;int x,y,z; x=5;y=10;z=11; c=x*y+z/2; The value stored in c is:

1. 55.0
2. 55.5
3. 55
4. none

Question 7

int m,p;m=5;p=0; p= m-- + --m; The output will be:

1. 11
2. 10
3. 8
4. 12

Question 8

int a=7, p=0, q=0; p = ++a + --a; q -= p; The output of q will be:

1. 13
2. 14
3. 15
4. -15

Write the Java expressions for the following

Question 1

ab + bc + ca

Answer

a * b + b * c + c * a

Question 2

a² + ab - b²

Answer

a * a + a * b + b * b

Question 3

ut + (1/2)at²

Answer

u * t + (1 / 2) * a * t * t

Question 4

uv / (u + v)

Answer

u * v / (u + v)

Question 5

(a + b)ⁿ

Answer

Math.pow((a + b), n)

Question 6

2(lb+bh+lh)

Answer

2 * (l * b + b * h + l * h)

Question 7

a² + b²

Answer

a * a + b * b

Question 8

x³ + xyz + y³

Answer

x * x * x + x * y * z + y * y * y

Predict the output for the following

Question 1

If m = 5 and n = 2, predict the output values of m and n:

(a) m -= n;

Output

m = 3
n = 2

Explanation

    m -= n
⇒ m = m - n
⇒ m = 5 - 2
⇒ m = 3
Value of n is unchanged so it is 2.

(b) n = m + m/n;

Output

m = 5
n = 7

Explanation

    n = m + m/n;
⇒ n = 5 + 5/2;
⇒ n = 5 + 2;     [∵ 5/2 is integer division so result is 2]
⇒ n = 7
Value of m is unchanged so it is 5.

Question 2

What will be the output from the program segment?

int a=0,b=10,c=40;
a = --b + c++ + b;
System.out.println(" a = " + a);

Output

a = 58

Explanation

    a = --b + c++ + b
⇒ a = 9 + 40 + 9
⇒ a = 58

Question 3

What will be the output of the following if x = 5 initially?

(a) 5* ++x;

Output

30

Explanation

    5* ++x
⇒ 5* 6       [∵ ++x will first increment x to 6 and then use it in the expression]
⇒ 30

(b) 5* x++;

Output

25

Explanation

    5* x++
⇒ 5* 5       [∵ x++ will first use the current value of x in the expression which is 5. After that x is incremented to 6]
⇒ 25

Question 4

Evaluate the following expressions if the values of the variables are a = 2, b = 3, and c = 9.

(a) a - (b++) * (--c);

Output

22

Explanation

    a - (b++) * (--c)
⇒ 2 - 3 * 8       [∵ b++ uses current value of b in expression and then increments it, --c decrements c to 8 and then uses this 8 in the expression]
⇒ 2 - 24
⇒ -22

(b) a * (++b) % c;

Output

8

Explanation

    a * (++b) % c
⇒ 2 * 4 % 9       [∵ ++b increments b to 4 then uses it in the expression]
⇒ 8 % 9
⇒ 8

Question 5

If a = 5, b = 9, calculate the value of:
a += a++ - ++b + a

Output

6

Explanation

    a += a++ - ++b + a
⇒ a = a + (a++ - ++b + a)
⇒ a = 5 + (5 - 10 + 6) [∵ a++ will first use current value of a then increment it to 6. ++b will increment b to 10 and use the incremented value. As a++ incremented a to 6 so the value of last a in the expression is 6]
⇒ a = 5 + 1
⇒ a = 6

Answer the following questions

Question 1

What is an operator? Name the different types of operators.

Answer

An operator is a symbol or sign used to specify an operation to be performed in Java programming. The different types of operators are Arithmetical, Logical and Relational.

Question 2

Explain the following:

(a) Arithmetical operator

Answer

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on its operands. Operands of arithmetic operators must be of numeric type. A few arithmetic operators operate upon one operand. They are called Unary Arithmetic operators. Other arithmetic operators operate upon two operands. They are called Binary Arithmetic operators. As an example consider the below statement:
int a = 10 + 20;
Here, the addition arithmetic operator, represented by the symbol + will add 10 and 20. So variable a will be 30.

(b) Relational operator

Answer

Relational operators are used to determine the relationship between the operands. Relational operators compare their operands to check if the operands are equal to ( == ), not equal to ( != ), less than ( < ), less than equal to ( <= ), greater than ( > ), greater than equal to ( >= ) each other. The result of an operation involving relation operators is a boolean value — true or false.
Example:
int a = 8;
int b = 10;
boolean c = a < b;
Here, as a is less than b so the result of a < b is true. Hence, boolean variable c becomes true.

(c) Logical operator

Answer

Logical operators operate on boolean expressions to combine the results of these boolean expression into a single boolean value.
Example:
int a = 7;
int b = 10;
boolean c = a < b && a % 2 == 0;
Here, the result of first boolean expression a < b is true and the result of second boolean expression a % 2 is false. The logical AND operator ( && ) combines these true and false boolean values and gives a resultant boolean value as false. So, boolean variable c becomes false.

(d) Arithmetic expression

Answer

An Arithmetic expression contains variables, constants and arithmetical operators together to produce meaningful results.

(e) Unary operator

Answer

Operators that act on one operand are called as Unary operators. Unary +, unary -, ++, --, etc. are some unary operators in Java.

(f) Binary operator

Answer

Operators that act on two operands are called as Binary operators.

Question 3

State the difference between = and ==

Answer

Question 4

Differentiate between the following:

(a) Arithmetical and Logical operator

Answer

(b) Logical AND (&&) and Logical OR (II)

Answer

(c) Prefix and Postfix

Answer