Commercial Applications
Study the pictures below. Give the reason for the corrosion of these statues and state its causes created by nature and human activities.
Environmental Issues
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Answer
The pictures show statues that have been corroded and damaged. The corrosion of these statues is caused by Acid Rain.
Reason for Corrosion:
Acid rain means rainfall with a pH of less than 5.6. Acid rain is corrosive in nature and corrodes buildings, monuments, metals and rock structures. Structures containing limestone or marble rocks are particularly corroded by acid rain because the acid (mainly sulphuric acid) reacts with the calcium carbonate in these stones, causing their gradual deterioration. The reaction can be represented as:
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
The calcium sulphate formed is soluble in water and washes away, leading to loss of detail and ultimately the destruction of the statue's features.
Causes of Acid Rain by Nature:
Lightning — Lightning produces oxides of nitrogen, which combine with water to form nitric acid.
Volcanic Activities — Volcanic eruptions release sulphur dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, contributing to acid rain.
Forest Fires — Natural forest fires release sulphur and nitrogen oxides into the air.
Causes of Acid Rain by Human Activities:
Burning of Fossil Fuels — About 80% of oxides of sulphur come from the burning of fossil fuels in industries, power plants and automobiles. Sulphur trioxide reacts with water to form sulphuric acid (H2SO4), which is the principal (60-70%) cause of acid rain.
Industrial Emissions — Factories release sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine and hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere.
Vehicular Emissions — Automobiles release nitrogen oxides and other pollutants that form acid rain.
Power Plants — Thermal power plants burning coal release large quantities of sulphur dioxide.
Hence, acid rain is essentially an outcome of aggressive industrialisation in developed countries and is caused by a combination of natural processes and human activities.
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Related Questions
Write a short note on the five beliefs of environmental ethics.
Acid rain essentially an outcome of aggressive industrialisation in the developed countries. In view of the above statement explain any two impacts of Acid Rain on the environment.
Case Study
With the advancement in technology and the goal to scale its business, JK Tyre & Industries has been working on a two-pronged strategy to add 'significant relevance' to its overall business. Along with the mainstream tyres, the Delhi based company is also running a fleet operating management business and a mobility business vertical.
"In the fleet management business, from selling a tyre as a commodity, it becomes a kind of service. We have tied up with 1300 of the 1800 large fleets across India. We provide all the services and the customer pays for the tyre's upfront cost." Anuj Kathuria, India President, JK Tyres, said. Any fleet of 100 trucks/buses, or more, is considered a 'large fleet'.
An initiative like the fleet management service also contributes to sustained relationship with customers, leading to repeat purchases of tyres by them. The customer base of 1300 fleet operators hasn't come easily for JK Tyres, an early mover with such a business intervention in the industry. The customer base has been built over the past two decades.
Under the fleet management business, JK Tyres is also offering tyre-as-a-service. It has about 250 pit stops, and close to 100 truck wheel centres, where its services are provided.
The company, which has also developed a tyre with 80% biodegradable materials, says that the 'green tyre' is close to a market launch. The tyre major has a target to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
Source: auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com, February 9, 2024.
With reference to the above case study answer the following question:
Explain how 'Industrialisation' and 'Transport' cause ecological damage.
Study the pictures given below and describe the movement.
