Chemistry
On what principle are the following methods of separation based? Give one example of a mixture for each of the methods mentioned in which they are used
(a) sublimation
(b) filtration
(c) sedimentation and decantation
(d) solvent extraction method
(e) magnetic separation
(f) by using a separating funnel
(g) fractional distillation
Answer
(a) This method is used for solid mixtures in which one of the components can sublime on heating. It is used to separate a mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride.
(b) This method is used for separating the components of a heterogeneous solid-liquid mixture in which solids are insoluble in liquids. A mixture of chalk and water can be separated by this method.
(c) This method is used when the solid component is insoluble and heavier than the liquid component. A mixture of sand and water can be separated by this method.
(d) This method is used when one component is soluble in a particular liquid while the other component is insoluble. A mixture of sand and salt can be separated by this method.
(e) This method is used when one of the components of the mixture is magnetic in nature. A mixture of iron and sulphur can be separated by this method.
(f) It is used to separate components of liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture when one of the liquid components is heavier than the other. Kerosene oil and water can be separated by this method.
(g) It is used to separate components of homogeneous liquid-liquid mixture on the basis of their difference in boiling points. A mixture of water and alcohol can be separated by this method.
Related Questions
How is distillation more advantageous than evaporation?
(a) What is chromatography?
(b) Why is it named so?
(c) What are the advantages of chromatography?
(d) Name the simplest type of chromatography?
(e) On what principle is this method based?
(f) What is meant by stationary phase and mobile phase in chromatography?
Fill in the blanks
(a) …………… are made up of same kind of atoms.
(b) …………… and …………… are pure substances.
(c) In a ……………, the substances are not combined chemically.
(d) Clay is separated from water by a method called …………… .
(e) …………… is a process to obtain a very pure form of a solid dissolved in a liquid.
(f) Camphor and ammonium chloride can …………… .
Give one word answers for the following:
(a) The solid particles which remain on the filter paper after the filtration.
(b) The liquid which evaporates and then condenses during the process of distillation.
(c) The process of transferring the clean liquid after the solid settles at the bottom of the container.
(d) The process by which two miscible liquids are separated.