State the three causes that led to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

The three causes that led to the Non-Cooperation Movement were:

1. The Rowlatt Act — After the First World War, the British government passed the Rowlatt Act authorising the arrest and imprisonment of anyone without trial. It also banned Indians from keeping any type of weapon. Gandhiji appealed to the Viceroy but his appeal was ignorned. This shocked the Indians who were expecting self-governance.
2. Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy — On April 13, 1919, General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire without warning on the unarmed crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh protesting peacefully against the arrest of their leaders. About one thousand innocent people were killed and several thousand wounded in the firing.
3. The Khilafat Movement — The Sultan of Turkey was deprived of all authority after Turkey's defeat in the First World War. He was the Caliph and the religious head of a large section of Muslims. To restore his position, the Khilafat Movement began under the leadership of the Ali Brothers — Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani.