Though the king from Macedonia did not conquer Magadha, his invasion of some parts of India had a great impact. In this context, answer the following questions:

1. A significant political impact of his invasion was:
   (a) Bimbisara could strengthen his hold over Magadha.
   (b) The small states in north-west India lost their power.
   (c) Ajatashatru was able to demonstrate his prowess by defeating the invader.

2. Which were the other effects of his invasion? You can choose multiple options.
   (a) Close contact between Europe and India was established.
   (b) New routes for trade were opened.
   (c) The Graeco-Buddhist School of Art developed.

1. (b) The small states in north-west India lost their power.
   Reason — Alexander's invasion weakened many small states in the north-west India, making it easier for the later powers like the Mauryas to rise and expand.

2. (a) Close contact between Europe and India was established.
   (b) New routes for trade were opened.
   (c) The Graeco-Buddhist School of Art developed.
   Reason — All three are correct. Alexander's campaign created cultural exchange, opened trade routes, and eventually lead to new art syles like the Graeco-Buddhist School of Art or the Gandhara School of Art in the north-west of India.