History & Civics
What repressive measures were taken by the Government to suppress the Assertive Nationalists after the Surat Split?
Answer
The government took the following repressive measures to suppress the Assertive Nationalists after the Surat Split:
- Since the movement for boycott of British goods was gaining ground, the Government launched a campaign of repression.
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak was lodged in Myanmar's Mandalay prison.
- Under the Seditious Meetings Act of 1907, the District Magistrates could prohibit the holding of meetings.
- The Newspapers Act of 1908 was aimed at punishing those editors whose papers contained writings against British rule.
- Rajani Palme Dutt says, "Police action was carried out with great vigour…school-children were arrested for singing national songs."
- Such measures failed to arrest the nationalist movement. On the contrary, there grew up revolutionary groups in Bengal and Punjab.
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Tagore's 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol', and the sentiment of brotherhood and patriotism that it invokes
In 1905, Curzon partitioned Bengal on communal lines which Rabindranath Tagore opposed strongly, and wrote a hymn for communal harmony, brotherhood, and a united Bengali identity. The TMC government has now declared 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol' the state anthem.
The song calls for unity for all Bengalis by invoking the beauty of Bengal - its natural environs, its language, its people, and its soul. This is perhaps best expressed in the final stanza of the song which is loosely translated as:
The soil of Bengal, the water of Bengal; The air of Bengal, the fruit of Bengal; Let them be blessed; Oh my Lord.
[All] Bengalis' life, [all] Bengalis' soul; All brothers and sisters in Bengal's homes, may they be united; Oh my Lord— Indian Express, September 9, 2023
Name another song composed by Rabindranath Tagore during the Anti-partition agitation.
Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal into two provinces apparently on
- social grounds
- administrative grounds
- caste grounds
- political grounds
What do you mean by the terms 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott'?