History & Civics
With reference to first and second phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following:
(i) What was the objective of the Assertive Nationalists? Mention any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
(ii) Who partitioned Bengal? State any two actual reasons behind the Partition.
(iii) Mention any four methods used by the Early Nationalists.
Answer
(i) The main objective of the Assertive Nationalists was the immediate attainment of 'Swaraj'. This means complete independence and not just self government.
Two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak were:
- Demand for Swaraj — Tilak was the first to openly declare the demand for Swaraj. "Swaraj is my birth right", he said, "and I shall have it".
- Established Home Rule League — Tilak set up a Home Rule League at Pune in 1916 to attain self-government within the British Empire by constitutional means.
(ii) Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal.
Two actual reasons behind the Partition of Bengal were:
- Bengal being the nerve centre of Indian nationalism posed as a significant threat to the British rule. So, the British hoped to stop the rising tide of nationalism by partitioning Bengal.
- The partition was meant to foster division on the basis of religion. East Bengal would be predominantly a Muslim majority state and West Bengal would have a Hindu majority.
(iii) Four methods adopted by Early Nationalists were as follows:
- To educate people in India in modern politics, they held meetings where speeches were made and resolutions for popular demands were passed.
- They made use of the press to criticise government policies
- They made use of three P's i.e. Petitions, Prayers and Protests. They sent petitions, requests and letters of protest to the British government to look into the problems of the Indians.
- A British Committee of the Indian National Congress was set up in London in 1889, which published a weekly journal, India, to present India's case before the British public.
Related Questions
Nationalism refers to the feeling of oneness that emerges when people consider themselves as one nation. With reference to the growth of nationalism, answer the following:
(i) Name the founder of the Indian National Congress. Mention any two of its objectives.
(ii) How did the press contribute to the growth of nationalism?
(iii) Mention any four repressive policies of Lord Lytton.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow-
The movement had generated worldwide publicity, and British were looking for a way to end it. Gandhiji was released from custody in January 1931, and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. For many conservatives in England, the meetings and talks seemed unacceptable. They thought it was inappropriate for the Viceroy, who was the representative of the British Monarch, to receive their arch-enemy. Gandhiji was authorised by the then President of the Congress, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, to negotiate with the Viceroy. He advised the nation to wait, watch, pray and hope for a better prospect for India. He was full of admiration for the people, their heroic struggle and hard suffering.
(Source: The Hindu)
(i) Who was the Viceroy who negotiated with Gandhiji? Name any two causes of the movement being discussed above.
(ii) Mention any three impacts of this movement.
(iii) As a consequence of this meeting, a pact was signed. Mention any four conditions that the Congress and the British Government agreed to according to this pact.
Look at the picture given and answer the following questions:
(i) Identify the leader in the above picture. Mention any two of his ideologies.
(ii) Mention any three causes for his rise to power.
(iii) What was the immediate cause of the Second World War? Mention any three reasons given by this leader to justify his action.
The United Nations Organisation aims to maintain international peace. With reference to its organs and agencies, answer the following:
(i) What is the composition of the International Court of Justice?
(ii) Mention any three functions of the Security Council.
(iii) Give the full form of UNICEF. Mention any three of its functions.