History & Civics
Look at the picture given and answer the following questions:
(i) Identify the leader in the above picture. Mention any two of his ideologies.
(ii) Mention any three causes for his rise to power.
(iii) What was the immediate cause of the Second World War? Mention any three reasons given by this leader to justify his action.
Rise of Dictatorships
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Answer
(i) The leader in above picture is Hitler. Following are his two ideologies:
- Hitler believed in the superiority of German race and upheld its supremacy. He hated Jews.
- He stressed the subordination of the individual to the state and the necessity of strict obedience to leaders.
(ii) Three factors that led to the rise of Hitler were —
- Humiliating Treaty of Versailles — The conditions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles made the Germans feel humiliated and helpless. Hitler exploited these sentiments and encouraged the Germans to break the treaty and rebuild the empire of Germany by recapturing lost colonies.
- Hitler’s Oratorical Skills and Propaganda — Hitler was a powerful speaker and used propaganda effectively to gain support. His messages resonated with many Germans who felt disenfranchised or were dissatisfied with the current government
- Growing Fear of Communism — After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Communist influence in Germany increased considerably as they succeeded in capturing a number of seats in Reichstag. Hitler warned the people that Communists of Germany would become the servants of their Russian masters and would follow the dictates of Communists. He persuaded the people that Nazism alone could check the growing influence of Communism.
(iii) The immediate cause of the Second World War was the invasion of Poland by Germany on September 1, 1939.
Adolf Hitler, provided following justifications for the invasion of Poland in 1939:
- By the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was divided into two parts in order to give a land-route to Poland upto the sea and the Port of Danzing was also given to Poland. Germany wanted to regain her lost territories.
- The city of Danzing was inhabited mainly by the Germans and by occupying Danzing Corridor, Germany could connect with East Prussia.
- Germany signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Russia in August 1939, Poland was accused of committing atrocities against Germans living there.
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Related Questions
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Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow-
The movement had generated worldwide publicity, and British were looking for a way to end it. Gandhiji was released from custody in January 1931, and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. For many conservatives in England, the meetings and talks seemed unacceptable. They thought it was inappropriate for the Viceroy, who was the representative of the British Monarch, to receive their arch-enemy. Gandhiji was authorised by the then President of the Congress, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, to negotiate with the Viceroy. He advised the nation to wait, watch, pray and hope for a better prospect for India. He was full of admiration for the people, their heroic struggle and hard suffering.
(Source: The Hindu)
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(i) What is the composition of the International Court of Justice?
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