Assertion Reasoning MCQs

Assertion (A): Robots can be programmed to perform specific tasks with or without human intervention.

Reason (R): Robots are controlled by a computer program that allows them to process sensor data and make decisions automatically.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — Robots work under the control of computer programs. These programs enable robots to receive input from sensors, process the information, and take decisions automatically. Due to this programmed control and decision-making capability, robots can be made to perform specific tasks either independently or with human intervention. Hence, the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Assertion (A): Robots can perform tasks without tiring, which increases production efficiency.

Reason (R): Robots need periodic breaks and rest to maintain optimal performance.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Robots can work continuously without getting tired or requiring rest. This ability allows them to operate for long hours and increases production efficiency. However, the reason is incorrect because robots do not need periodic breaks or rest like humans to maintain performance.

Assertion (A): Actuators are devices used to perform physical actions like moving a robot's arms or wheels.

Reason (R): Actuators convert electrical signals into physical movements, controlling the motion and actions of the robot.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — Actuators are devices that help a robot perform actions such as movement or object handling. They work by converting electrical signals into physical movements, which control the motion of different parts of a robot like arms, legs, wheels, or grippers. Therefore, the reason correctly explains how actuators enable robots to perform physical actions.

Assertion (A): Manipulators in robots consist of links and joints that help perform actions and interact with objects.

Reason (R): Links are the main sections of the manipulator, while joints provide the mechanical power to move the robot's arms and other parts.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Manipulators in robots are made up of links and joints that help the robot perform tasks and interact with objects. Links form the main structure, and joints connect the links and allow movement. However, joints do not provide mechanical power. The power required for movement is supplied by actuators, which trigger the joints and links to move. Therefore, the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Assertion (A): Linear motion refers to the movement of a robot in a straight line along a specific path, typically used in transportation and material handling.

Reason (R): Linear motion allows a robot to change its direction and orientation while following a curved trajectory.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Linear motion is defined as the movement of a robot or an object in a straight line along a specific path, and it is commonly used in applications such as transportation and material handling. However, movement along a curved trajectory with change in direction and orientation does not describe linear motion, it refers to circular or angular motion. Hence, the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Assertion (A): Links and joints in robots help create the mechanical framework that enables robots to perform various types of motions, including linear, circular, and angular motion.

Reason (R): Links are rigid or flexible elements that connect the joints and help perform tasks, while joints provide freedom of movement.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — In robots, links and joints together form the mechanical framework that enables movement. Links may be rigid or flexible elements that make up the structure of the robot, while joints connect these links and allow relative motion between them. By properly designing and coordinating links and joints, robots can perform linear, circular, and angular motions. Therefore, the reason correctly explains how links and joints enable various types of motion in robots.

Assertion (A): The Turing test is used to evaluate whether a machine can exhibit human-like intelligence through conversation.

Reason (R): The Turing test involves an evaluator having a conversation with both a human and a machine, and if the evaluator cannot differentiate between the two, the machine is considered to have passed the test.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — The Turing test is designed to test the intelligence of a machine by evaluating its ability to produce human-like responses during a conversation. In this test, an evaluator interacts with both a human and a machine through text-based communication. If the evaluator is unable to distinguish between the responses of the human and the machine, the machine is said to have passed the Turing test. Hence, the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Assertion (A): Bias, prejudice, fairness, accountability, and transparency are key ethical issues in AI.

Reason (R): Ethics in AI deals only with technical issues related to the performance and functionality of AI systems.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Bias, prejudice, fairness, accountability, transparency, interpretability, and explainability are important ethical issues in Artificial Intelligence. However, ethics in AI is not limited only to technical performance or functionality. It also deals with issues related to right and wrong, responsibility, fairness, and the impact of AI on society and individuals. Therefore, the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Assertion (A): Data refers to raw facts that are generated by almost all daily activities, including reading, writing, speaking, and seeing.

Reason (R): The raw data is transformed into meaningful information after processing, which helps in decision making.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — Data is defined as raw or unprocessed facts generated through daily activities such as reading, writing, speaking, and seeing. These raw facts by themselves may not have meaning. When data is processed and organised, it becomes information, which is meaningful and useful for decision making. Hence, the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Assertion (A): Data plays a crucial role in the development and operation of AI as it allows AI algorithms to learn and make predictions.

Reason (R): The performance and accuracy of AI models are not affected by the quantity, quality, or relevance of the data used.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Data plays a very important role in the development and operation of AI, as AI algorithms use large amounts of data to learn patterns and make predictions. The performance and accuracy of AI models are significantly affected by the quantity, quality, and relevance of the data used. Therefore, the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Assertion (A): Deterministic computing refers to a computing system where the output and behaviour are completely determined by the input and predefined rules.

Reason (R): In deterministic computing, randomness and flexibility are allowed to adapt to new or changing data.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is true and (R) is false.

Reason — Deterministic computing is defined as a computing paradigm in which the output and behaviour of a system are completely determined by the input and a set of predefined rules or algorithms. In such systems, the execution of computations does not allow randomness or flexibility. Therefore, the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect because deterministic computing does not adapt to new or changing data.

Assertion (A): AI algorithms are necessary in all situations to solve problems involving uncertainty and complexity.

Reason (R): While AI is useful for complex problems, classical algorithms or deterministic techniques may still be more efficient for many other problems.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

(A) is false and (R) is true.

Reason — AI is not needed everywhere. Although AI is useful for handling complex and uncertain real-life problems, there are many situations where classical algorithms or deterministic techniques are more appropriate and efficient, such as simple computations, rule-based validations, manufacturing processes, and safety-critical systems.

Assertion (A): A Python dictionary is a collection of unordered data that stores values as key-value pairs.

Reason (R): In a dictionary, the keys are unique and serve as an index for accessing associated values.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — A Python dictionary is defined as a collection of unordered data values that stores information in the form of key–value pairs. Each key in a dictionary is unique and is used to access its corresponding value.

Assertion (A): Operators in Python are symbols that perform specific operations on operands.

Reason (R): Python provides various types of operators such as arithmetic, relational, and logical operators to perform different tasks in a program.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — In Python, operators are special symbols used to perform operations on operands. Python provides different types of operators, such as arithmetic operators, relational operators, and logical operators, each used to perform specific tasks in a program.

Assertion (A): In Python, the if-else statement is used to execute one block of code when the condition is true, and another when it is false.

Reason (R): The if-else statement ensures that only one block of code is executed based on the given condition.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — The if-else statement in Python provides two alternative blocks of execution. When the given condition evaluates to True, the statements under the if block are executed, otherwise, the statements under the else block are executed. Thus, based on the condition, only one block of code is executed, which correctly explains the assertion.

Assertion (A): The for loop in Python is ideal when the number of iterations is known before the loop starts.

Reason (R): The for loop is particularly useful for iterating over collections such as lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — The for loop is used when we are sure about how many times the loop body will be executed, which makes it a definite loop. The for loop is used to iterate over sequences such as lists, tuples, dictionaries, and strings. Since iterating over these collections involves a known number of elements, the reason correctly explains why the for loop is ideal when the number of iterations is known.

Assertion (A): Functions defined in Python modules require importing the corresponding module before they can be used.

Reason (R): Modules like math and random define functions that can be accessed by importing them into the program.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — Some functions in Python are defined inside specific modules and cannot be used directly. To access these functions, the corresponding module must be imported. For example, the math module provides functions such as sqrt(), ceil(), etc, while the random module provides functions like random(), randint(), etc. These functions can be used in a program only after importing their respective modules.

Assertion (A): Function parameters are the actual values passed during the function call.

Reason (R): Arguments are variables within the parentheses in the function header that act as placeholders for the values passed to the function.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

None of the given options is correct.

Reason — Parameters are the variable names written inside the parentheses in the function header and act as placeholders for values. Arguments are the actual values passed to the function during the function call.

Assertion (A): Expert systems aim to replicate human knowledge and competence for specific tasks.

Reason (R): These systems provide problem-solving capabilities by adding subject-specific rules and information.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — An expert system is defined as an Artificial Intelligence program that tries to replicate human knowledge and competence for a specific task. Such systems are designed to provide specialised problem-solving capabilities by incorporating subject-specific rules and information into a knowledge base.

Assertion (A): Neural Networks are computational models inspired by the structure of biological neural networks in the human brain.

Reason (R): Neural networks, also known as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) or Deep Neural Networks (DNN), are machine learning algorithms that make judgments based on input data.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not a correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true and (R) is false.
4. (A) is false and (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is a correct explanation of (A).

Reason — A neural network is a computational model inspired by the structure and functioning of biological neural networks in the human brain. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) or Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are machine learning algorithms that learn from input data and make predictions or judgments.