(A) It was during the 10th and 11th centuries that Turks began their conquests in India.

(R) By this period a number of small kingdoms emerged in North India, who were constantly at conflict with one another.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Qutub Minar was dedicated to the Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.

(R) The construction of Qutub Minar was started by Iltutmish.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Alauddin Khilji was the founder of the Khilji dynasty.

(R) On ascending the throne, Alauddin had to face a rebellion by the Mongols.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Alauddin Khilji was the first ruler who laid foundation of a permanent standing army.

(R) He also started the system of Chehra, i.e., giving a kind identity card.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (A) is the reason for (R)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.