Most of the saint-poets of the medieval period denounced discrimination in society and upheld the principle of equality amongst human beings through their teachings and writings. According to you, what were the obstacles they may have encountered?

'Religion during the medieval period of Indian history was characterised by a combination of supreme devotion to God and a liberal approach.' Analyse this statement in the light of your understanding of the chapter.

Which Bhakti saints popularised the concept of the personal God (saguna)? Name two saints who popularised the concept of a formless God (nirguna).

State the teachings of Adi Shankaracharya. Name the four monastic centres founded by him.