Along the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, mangroves protect the ecology of the coastal areas. Mention the characteristic features of mangrove vegetation.

The characteristic features of mangrove vegetation are as follows:

1. Salt-Tolerant: Mangroves are adapted to survive in saline conditions where freshwater and seawater mix. They are halophytic, meaning they can tolerate high salt concentrations.

2. Specialized Root System: Mangroves have unique root systems such as aerial roots (pneumatophores) that rise above the soil to get oxygen in waterlogged and anaerobic conditions. Some species also have buttress roots that provide stability in soft, muddy soil.

3. Adaptation to Waterlogging: The roots of mangroves are adapted to thrive in waterlogged, muddy soil, making them effective in holding the coastal soil together and preventing erosion.

4. Salt Excretion: Some mangrove species can excrete excess salt through their leaves, while others store it in their tissues to prevent damage.

6. Provides Habitat: Mangroves support a diverse ecosystem by providing habitat for a wide range of animals, including fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds, and act as breeding grounds for marine life.

7. Protects Coastlines: Mangroves act as a natural barrier against storm surges, tidal waves, and coastal erosion, protecting the coastal areas from the impact of storms and high waves.