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Arnav was making notes and he wrote down the following statements from his understanding of reflection from curved surfaces.

I. Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images depending on the position of the object.

II. Convex mirrors always produce real, inverted images regardless of the object’s position.

III. In both concave and convex mirrors, the image location can be determined using the mirror formula 1f=1v+1u\dfrac{1}{\text f} = \dfrac{1}{\text v} + \dfrac{1}{\text u} where f\text f is the focal length, v\text v is the image distance, and u\text u is the object distance.

Choose from the following the correct option that lists the correct statements about reflection from curved surfaces.

options

  1. I and II
  2. I, II and III
  3. II and III
  4. I and III

Reflection of Light

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Answer

I and III

Reason —

  • I is true because a concave mirror forms real, inverted images when the object is beyond the focus, and a virtual, erect image when the object is between the pole and focus.
  • II is false because a convex mirror always gives a virtual, erect, and diminished image—never real.
  • III is true because for both concave and convex mirrors, the mirror formula 1f=1v+1u\dfrac{1}{\text f} = \dfrac{1}{\text v} + \dfrac{1}{\text u}​ applies (with the appropriate sign convention).

Hence, statements I and III are correct.

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