Assertion (A): An argument is a value that is passed to a method when it is called.

Reason (R): Variables which are declared in a method prototype to receive values are called actual parameters

1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A)
2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion(A)
3. Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
4. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true

Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false

Explanation — Arguments are the actual values passed to a method when it is invoked. For example:

void exampleMethod(int x) { ... }  
exampleMethod(5);  // Here, 5 is the argument.

Hence, Assertion (A) is true.

The variables declared in a method prototype (or header) to receive values are called formal parameters, not actual parameters. For example:

void exampleMethod(int x) {  // x is the formal parameter
    System.out.println(x);
}
exampleMethod(5);  // 5 is the actual parameter

Hence, Reason (R) is false.