Mamta is curious to study different kinds of pollination among flowers present in her garden. She has performed artificial pollination in the following ways :

P. Pollination within a flower.
Q. Pollination between flowers of same plant.
R. Pollination between two flowers of two different plants of same species.
S. Pollination between two flowers of two different plants of the different species.

Which of the ways given above explains 'cross-pollination'?

1. Only R
2. Only P, Q and S
3. Only P, R and S
4. Only P and S

Cross-pollination is considered better than self-pollination because it produces healthier and more viable seeds. But it cannot occur by itself. Cross-pollination occurs with the help of certain agents like wind, water, insects, etc. Which of the following features of flowers are not suitable for insect-pollination ?

P. Flowers are usually small and of dull colours.
Q. Flowers are not scented and do not produce nectar.
R. Flowers produce sticky pollen grains.

1. Only Q
2. Only Q and R
3. Only P and R
4. Only P and Q

Assertion (A): Calyx is the outermost whorl of a flower which consists of large, fragrant and brightly coloured petals.

Reason (R): As petals are brightly coloured and fragrant, they can be noticed by insects easily and help in cross pollination.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Micropropagation is the propagation or multiplication of plants by a special technique called 'tissue culture'.

Reason (R): It is called 'micropropagation' because this technique is applicable to micro-organisms only.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.