Assertion (A): Infectious diseases are caused due to the entry of pathogens in the body.

Reason (R): Pathogens are usually microorganisms which can easily spread through air, water and food; and get transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): The disease causing agent/pathogen of 'dengue' is a type of mosquito — Aedes aegypti.

Reason (R): Aedes aegypti spreads germs from a diseased person to a healthy person.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Garbage should never be kept in covered bins.

Reason: Covered bins provide suitable conditions for the growth and development of germs as well as serve as breeding places for many vectors.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Diseases like cowpox, smallpox, chickenpox are all caused by the same virus.

Reason (R): The vaccine prepared for smallpox contains the fully virulent, living 'cowpox virus.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.