Cabinet acts in the name of the Council of Ministers and exercises all the power on its behalf. Discuss its powers and functions with reference to the following:

(a) Formulation of Policies of the Government

(b) Administrative Functions

(c) Proclamation of Emergency

(a) The Cabinet formulates external and domestic policies of the Government.

1. It takes decisions on all major problems — defence and security needs, bringing peace to Kashmir Valley, economic reforms, rural housing, medical insurance, improving relations with Super Powers as well as neighbouring countries and formation of new States, etc.
2. Cabinet Ministers have a considerable freedom of action, but on all major matters they should necessarily consult the Cabinet.

(b) The Cabinet is essentially a policy framing body.

1. When it has determined on a policy, the appropriate Ministry carries it out.
2. Each Ministry or Department must faithfully follow the directions of the Cabinet.
3. The President makes all major appointments with the aid and advice of the Ministers.
4. Such appointments relate to the appointment of the Attorney-General of India, the Governor of a State, the Chief Election Commissioner, the Election Commissioners and others that have a high rank in government.

(c) The President cannot proclaim a state of Emergency (under Article 352) unless the Union Cabinet recommends to him, in writing, that such a Proclamation should be made.

1. This Article relates to a proclamation of Emergency in the event of a War or External Aggression or the Armed Rebellion.
2. Similarly, such decisions as the imposition of President's Rule in a State are taken by the Cabinet.