Chemistry
Chemical properties of nitric acid
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| Stability of nitric acid | |
| 9. Decomposition | HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g] + …………… [g] |
| Ionization of dilute nitric acid | |
| 10. Dissociation | HNO3 + H2O ⇌ …………… + …………… [HNO3 ⇌ H1+ + NO31- H+ + H2O ⇌ H3O1+] |
| 11. Base [sodium hydroxide] | NaOH + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O |
| 12. Base [magnesium hydroxide] | Mg(OH)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O |
| 13. Carbonate [lead carbonate] | PbCO3 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 14. Bicarbonate [calcium bicarbonate] | Ca(HCO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 15. Sulphite [potassium sulphite] | K2SO3 + HNO3⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 16. Bisulphite [calcium bisulphite] | Ca(HSO3)2 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| Oxidising nature | |
| Non-metals [conc. nitric acid] | |
| 17. Carbon | C + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 18. Sulphur | S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 19. Phorphous | P + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| Metals | |
| (i) Cold, very dilute nitric acid [<1%] | |
| 20. Magnesium | Mg + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] |
| 21. Manganese | Mn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… [g] |
| (ii) Dilute nitric acid | |
| 22. Copper | Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 23. Zinc | Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 24. Iron | Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| (iii) Conc. nitric acid [hot dil. nitric acid] | |
| 25. Copper | Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 26. Zinc | Zn + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 27. Iron | Fe + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + H2O + …………… [g] |
| 28. Aqua regia [1 part conc. HNO3 + 3 parts conc. HCl] | HNO3 + 3HCl ⟶ H2O + …………… + …………… [Au + …………… ⟶ …………… Pt + …………… ⟶ ……………] |
| Inorganic compounds | |
| 29. Sulphur dioxide [aq.] | SO2 + H2O + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… |
| 30. Hydrogen sulphide | H2S + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… |
| 31. Iron [II] sulphate [acidified] | FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… |
Nitric Acid
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Answer
| Nitric acid | Complete and balance the equations |
|---|---|
| Stability of nitric acid | |
| 9. Decomposition | 4HNO3 ⟶ 2H2O + 4NO2 [g] + O2 [g] |
| Ionization of dilute nitric acid | |
| 10. Dissociation | HNO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O1+ + NO31- [HNO3 ⇌ H1+ + NO31- H+ + H2O ⇌ H3O1+] |
| 11. Base [sodium hydroxide] | NaOH + HNO3 ⟶ NaNO3 + H2O |
| 12. Base [magnesium hydroxide] | Mg(OH)2 + 2HNO3 ⟶ Mg(NO3)2 + 2H2O |
| 13. Carbonate [lead carbonate] | PbCO3 + 2HNO3 ⟶ Pb(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 [g] |
| 14. Bicarbonate [calcium bicarbonate] | Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HNO3 ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 [g] |
| 15. Sulphite [potassium sulphite] | K2SO3 + 2HNO3⟶ 2KNO3 + H2O + SO2 [g] |
| 16. Bisulphite [calcium bisulphite] | Ca(HSO3)2 + 2HNO3 ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2SO2 [g] |
| Oxidising nature | |
| Non-metals [conc. nitric acid] | |
| 17. Carbon | C + 4HNO3 ⟶ CO2 + 2H2O + 4NO2 [g] |
| 18. Sulphur | S + 6HNO3 ⟶ H2SO4 + 2H2O + 6NO2 [g] |
| 19. Phorphous | P + 5HNO3 ⟶ H3PO4 + H2O + 5NO2 [g] |
| Metals | |
| (i) Cold, very dilute nitric acid [<1%] | |
| 20. Magnesium | Mg + 2HNO3 ⟶ Mg(NO3)2 + H2 [g] |
| 21. Manganese | Mn + 2HNO3 ⟶ Mn(NO3)2 + H2 [g] |
| (ii) Dilute nitric acid | |
| 22. Copper | 3Cu + 8HNO3 ⟶ 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO [g] |
| 23. Zinc | 3Zn + 8HNO3 ⟶ 3Zn(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO [g] |
| 24. Iron | 3Fe + 8HNO3 ⟶ 3Fe(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO [g] |
| (iii) Conc. nitric acid [hot dil. nitric acid] | |
| 25. Copper | Cu + 4HNO3 ⟶ Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 [g] |
| 26. Zinc | Zn + 4HNO3 ⟶ Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2 [g] |
| 27. Iron | Fe + 6HNO3 ⟶Fe(NO3)2 + 3H2O + 3NO2 [g] |
| 28. Aqua regia [1 part conc. HNO3 + 3 parts conc. HCl] | HNO3 + 3HCl ⟶ 2H2O + NOCl + 2[Cl] [Au +3[Cl]⟶AuCl3 Pt + 4[Cl] ⟶PtCl4] |
| Inorganic compounds | |
| 29. Sulphur dioxide [aq.] | 3SO2 + 2H2O + 2HNO3 ⟶ 3H2SO4 + 2NO |
| 30. Hydrogen sulphide | 3H2S + 2HNO3 ⟶ 3S + 4H2O + 2NO |
| 31. Iron [II] sulphate [acidified] | 6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 ⟶ 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO |
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Related Questions
Preparation of nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations Laboratory preparation from nitrates 1. Potassium nitrate [nitre] KNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C) 2. Sodium nitrate [chile salt petre] NaNO3 + H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (< 200°C)
[NaNO3 + NaHSO4 [conc.] ⟶ …………… + …………… (> 200°C)]Atmospheric nitrogen to nitric acid 3. Nitrogen to nitric oxide N2 + …………… ⟶ …………… 4. Nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide …………… + …………… ⟶ NO2 5. Nitrogen dioxide to nitric acid
[Nitric acid to soluble nitrates]NO2 + …………… + …………… ⟶ HNO3
[HNO3 + …………… ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + …………… + ……………]Manufacture of nitric acid Ostwald's process 6. Step 1 [Catalytic chamber] NH3 + O2 ⟶ …………… + …………… (Pt / 700-800°C) 7. Step 2 [Oxidation chamber] NO + O2 ⟶ …………… (50°C) 8. Step 3 [Absorption tower] NO2 + H2O + O2 ⟶ …………… Tests for nitric acid
Nitric acid Complete and balance the equations 32. Heat on nitric acid HNO3 ⟶ H2O + …………… [g]+ …………… [g]
[reddish brown fumes evolved]33. Heat on copper and conc. HNO3 Cu + HNO3 ⟶ …………… + …………… + …………… [g]
[dense reddish brown fumes evolved - blue solution remains]34. Brown ring test FeSO4 + H2SO4 + …………… ⟶ …………… + …………… + NO
[FeSO4 + NO ⟶ ……………]
[A brown ring of nitroso ferrous sulphate is formed at the junction of the two liquids]Give equation for the action of heat on –
- NH4Cl
- NH4NO3
State whether the reaction is an example of thermal decomposition or thermal dissociation.
What compounds are required for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid.