History & Civics
Compare the two higher courts of our country with reference to the following:
(a) qualification
(b) age of retirement
(c) one example of each of their Original Jurisdiction.
Answer
The two higher courts of our country are the Supreme Court and the High Court.
(a) Qualification
Supreme Court : A Judge of the Supreme Court must be a citizen of India and must have been a Judge of a High Court for at least five years, or an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years, or a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
High Court : A Judge of a High Court must be a citizen of India and must have worked as a judge in any court in India for not less than ten years, or must have worked as an advocate in the High Court or High Courts in India continuously for ten years.
(b) Age of retirement
Supreme Court : A Judge of the Supreme Court retires on attaining the age of 65 years.
High Court : A Judge of a High Court retires on attaining the age of 62 years.
(c) One example of each of their Original Jurisdiction
Supreme Court : A dispute between the Government of India and one or more States can be brought directly before the Supreme Court.
High Court : A case relating to State revenue and its collection can be brought directly before the High Court.
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Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow :
As railway and transport minister, Lal Bahadur Shastri sent his resignation twice to Nehru after train accidents. Only once he was persuaded to take it back…..When it appeared that Nehru seemed inclined to accept the (second) resignation, thirty MPs appealed to Nehru not to let Shastri go. They were of the view that while Shastri should be lauded for having offered to resign, his resignation should not be accepted, as he was not personally responsible for the accident.
(Source : https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/lal-bahadur-shastri-sent-nehru-his-resignation-set-gold-standard-for-politicians/304341/)
(a) Does Shastri's resignation reflect Individual Responsibility or Collective Responsibility? Justify.
(b) Highlight two important differences between both types.
When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure, the President can promulgate …………… that has the same force and effect as an act passed by parliament under its legislative powers.
What can the President promulgate? Who prepares it? Which body must approve it?