Consider the following scenario and answer the questions which follow :

"A student is expected to write a research paper on a topic. The student had a friend who took a similar class five years ago. The student asks his older friend for a copy of his paper and then takes the paper and then submits the entire paper as his own research work".

(i) Which of the following activities appropriately categorizes the act of the writer ?

1. Plagiarism
2. Spamming
3. Virus
4. Phishing

(ii) Which kind of offense out of the following is made by the student ?

1. Cyber Crime
2. Civil Crime
3. Violation of Intellectual Property Rights

(i) Plagiarism

Reason — Submitting his friend's work as his own research work without proper attribution or permission is considered plagiarism.

(ii) Violation of Intellectual Property Rights

Reason — Plagiarism is a violation of intellectual property rights, as it involves using another person's intellectual creation without authorization or acknowledgment.