What is the contribution of chemistry in the following fields ?

(a) Industry

(b) Clothing

(c) Cosmetics

(d) National Defence

(e) Medicines

(a) Industry — Chemistry has helped in the growth of different industries and in improving the efficiency of industrial processes. Industries are set up to produce a large number of consumer products like dyes, drugs, paints, plastics, synthetic fibres, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, steel, alloys, etc.,

(b) Clothing — Chemistry is used in textile industry, which manufactures clothing. Cloth manufacturing involves conversion of fibres into fabrics. Fibres can be natural or synthetic. Natural fibres like cotton, silk, wool, are used to produce dress materials, sarees, bags. Synthetic fibers like nylon, spandex, polyester are used to make towels, bags, bedsheets, curtains, etc.

(c) Cosmetics — Cosmetics are products used to cleanse, protect and change the appearance of external parts of human bodies. Example: talcum powder, skincare creams, lipsticks, eyes and facial make up, deodorants, lotions, perfumes, soaps, bathing oil, etc.,

(d) National Defence — Substances like gunpowder, T.N.T. (trinitrotoluene), phosgene, chemical weapons, laughing gas, etc. are all products of chemistry which contribute to the national defence.

(e) Medicines — Extensive research by chemists has led to the discovery and production of a large number of medicinal drugs. These medicines are the chemical substances which help to cure and prevent diseases.
They help in fighting diseases by killing their germs, and thus increase the life span of human beings.
Examples: aspirin, paracetamol, antibiotics (like penicillin, tetracyclin), antiseptics, etc.