If a = 5, b = 9, calculate the value of a in the following expression:
a += a++ - ++b + a

The logical operators are used in between two conditions, which results in either 'True' or 'False' depending on the outcome of different conditions. Java uses three logical operators viz. AND, OR and NOT. Your friend has created a Java snippet that contains some errors due to which he is not able to execute it.

The program snippet created by him is as shown below:

int p=11, q=12, r=15;

(a) System.out.println ((p==q) AND (q!=r));

(b) System.out.println(!(p=q));

(c) System.out.println (p!==q);

(d) System.out.println ((p!=q) OR (q!=r));

Refer to the above snippet and help him by detecting the errors so that the snippet may execute successfully.

What are the characteristics of a program? Name them.

Who developed Java?