Describe the circumstances that led to the Battle of Buxar. What were its results?

The Battle of Buxar (1764) was caused by tensions between the English East India Company and Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal. Mir Qasim was unhappy with the Company’s interference in administration and its heavy financial demands, leading him to challenge British power. He formed an alliance with Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor) to fight the British at Buxar.

The British won the battle, leading to Mir Jafar being reinstated as Nawab of Bengal. Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-Daula surrendered to the British. The victory made the British the supreme power in India.

Following the battle, the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) was signed. The Mughal Emperor granted the British the right of Diwani (land revenue collection) in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in exchange for an annual payment of Rs 26 lakhs. This marked the British East India Company’s direct involvement in the administration of Bengal and solidified their control over the region.