History & Civics
Describe the results of the First War of Independence with reference to the following:
(a) Changes relating to Constitutional or the Administrative Set-up of the British territories in India
(b) Rights granted to the Indian Princes and Chiefs.
Revolt 1857
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Answer
(a) The War ended East India Company's rule in India. The British statesman realized that it was unwise to leave the government so vast a country in the hands of a private trading company. Accordingly, an act for the Better Government of India was passed on 2nd August, 1858.
- The Act of 1858 transferred the Government of India from the company to the crown. India was now to be governed by and in the name of Her Majesty.
- Company's Board of Control and the Court of Directors were abolished. All their powers were transferred to a Cabinet Minister, known as the Secretary of State for India. His salary and allowances would to be paid out of the revenues of India.
- The Secretary of State was to be assisted by the India Council, consisting of 15 members. Of these more than half were to be persons who had served or resided in India for at least 10 years.
- Appointments to the Civil Service would to be made by open competition under rules made by the Secretary of State in council.
- The Governor-General received the additional title of Viceroy. While he remained the Governor General for the province under the British rule, he came to be known as the Viceroy or Representative of the Crown in India for the native Princes and Nawabs.
(b) The British modified their policy towards the Indian States and granted the following rights to the Indian Princes and Chiefs. Queen Victoria declared in her Proclamation of 1858 that:
- The British Government would not annex the Indian states.
- All the treaties that the Princes had concluded with the Company would be honored.
- Their rights of adoption and succession were also recognized.
- At the same time, they could have only a limited number of troops.
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