The diagram given alongside is an experimental set up mimicking a certain process occurring in living beings. Study the figure and answer the following questions :

(i) Name the process and define it.

(ii) What are the two phases of the above mentioned process shown as (A) and (B) ?

(iii) Name the particular organs of the body shown in the figure with :
(a) Bell jar (b) Balloons (c) Rubber sheet

(iv) How do these phases (A) and (B) differ with respect to the position of ribs ?

(v) Does the breathing rate of a young boy and an old person differ ? Explain.

(i) The given diagram shows an experimental set up to demonstrate the process of Breathing.

Breathing is the process during which the air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs and the air containing carbon dioxide is forced out from the lungs. It is a physical process.

(ii) Phase (A) shows Inspiration, and Phase (B) shows Expiration.

(iii) The particular organs of the body shown in the figure are:
     (a) Bell jar — Chest cavity
     (b) Balloons — Lungs
     (c) Rubber sheet — Diaphragm

(iv) During Inspiration [Phase (A)], ribs move upwards and outwards while during Expiration [Phase (B)] ribs move downwards and inwards.

(v) Yes, the breathing rate of a young boy and an old person typically differ. Young children have a higher breathing rate than adults, due to their higher metabolic needs and smaller lung capacity relative to their body size. In contrast, older people breathe more slowly as their metabolic rate is lower and lung function may decline with age.