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Chemistry

Differentiate between an efflorescent, deliquescent & hygroscopic substance with suitable examples.

Water

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Answer

PropertyEfflorescent SubstanceDeliquescent SubstanceHygroscopic Substance
NatureCrystalline - hydratedCrystalline - water solubleAmorphous - solids or liquids
On exposure to atmosphereLose moisture - partly or completely to the atmosphereAbsorb moisture- from the atmosphere.Absorb moisture- from the atmosphere.
Change in stateChanges into an amorphous powderChanges into a saturated solutionDo not change their original state.
ExampleNa2CO3.10H2O washing soda⟶Na2CO3.H2O\underset{\text{ washing soda} }{\text{Na}2\text{CO}3.10\text{H}2\text{O}} \longrightarrow {\text{Na}2\text{CO}3.\text{H}2\text{O}}FeCl3 crystals⟶FeCl3 solution\underset{\text{ crystals} }{\text{FeCl}3} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ solution} }{\text{FeCl}3}CaO solid⟶CaO solid\underset{\text{ solid} }{\text{CaO}} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ solid} }{\text{CaO}}

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