Chemistry
Distinguish between the following as directed.
(a) Calcium nitrate and lead nitrate using NaOH.
(b) Ferrous chloride and ferric chloride using NH4OH.
Analytical Chemistry
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Answer
(a) When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is added to each of the compounds, lead nitrate forms a chalky white precipitate of lead hydroxide [Pb(OH)2] which is soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide and readily soluble in acetic acid.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ Pb(OH)2 ↓ + 2NaNO3
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH (excess) ⟶ Na2PbO2 + 2H2O
Whereas a milky white precipitate is formed in case of calcium nitrate which is sparingly soluble in excess of NaOH.
Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ⟶ Ca(OH)2 ↓ + 2NaNO3
(b) On reaction with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), ferrous chloride forms a dirty green ppt whereas ferric chloride forms a reddish brown ppt. Hence, the two can be distinguished easily.
FeCl2 + 2NH4OH ⟶ Fe(OH)2 ↓ + 2NH4Cl
FeCl3 + 3NH4OH ⟶ Fe(OH)3 ↓ + 3NH4Cl
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