What was the Doctrine of Lapse? Who used this doctrine for the first time in India? Name the three states annexed by the British using this doctrine.

The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy that stated if an Indian ruler died without a natural heir (a biological son), his kingdom would automatically be taken over by the British. An adopted son was not recognized as a legal heir. This doctrine was introduced and used by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India, to expand British control. Using this policy, the British annexed several states, including Satara, Sambalpur, and Jhansi.