In the formation of magnesium chloride (by direct combination between magnesium and chlorine), name the substance that is oxidized and the substance that is reduced.

Give an example in each of the following :

(a) Co-ordinate bond compound,

(b) Solid covalent compound,

(c) Gaseous polar covalent compound,

(d) Gaseous non polar covalent compound,

(e) Liquid non polar covalent compound,

(f) Compound with electrovalent and covalent bond,

(g) Compound with all three types of bonds.

What do you understand by lone pair of electrons.

State the type of bonding in the following molecules.

(a) water,

(b) calcium oxide,

(c) hydroxyl ion,

(d) methane,

(e) ammonium ion,

(f) ammonium chloride