An object is identified by its characteristics.

Function is a set of objects that share the common state and behaviour.

Assertion (A): BASIC, Java, Python, etc. are some popular high level languages.

Reason (R): The instructions written in high level languages need language translators to be understood by the system.

Based on the above discussion, choose an appropriate statement from the options given below:

1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of Assertion (A).
3. Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
4. Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.

Object Oriented Programming is an approach to standarise the program by creating partitioned memory area for both data and functions. It does not allow data to flow freely from one function to other. In this system, the complete problem is decomposed into a number of entities called objects. Some of the object oriented principles are given in the box as below:

Pick an appropriate principle for each of the descriptions given below:

(a) It allows deriving a new class from existing class. The new class will have combined features of both the classes.

(b) It promotes function overloading which is using a number of functions/methods with the same name but with different parameters.

(c) It allows grouping or merging data and functions as a unit such that the data of a particular object is used in the associated functions.

(d) It is using some external components without knowing the internal mechanism.