What is an Expert System? Give two examples.

An Expert System is an AI-based software that mimics the decision-making ability of a human expert. It uses a knowledge base of facts and rules, along with an inference engine, to solve complex problems in a specific domain, such as medical diagnosis or financial analysis. Expert systems provide solutions, explanations and recommendations by reasoning through stored knowledge, simulating the expertise of a human in a particular field.

Two examples of Expert System are:

1. MYCIN: It is an early expert system developed in the 1970s for diagnosing bacterial infections and recommending appropriate antibiotics.
2. DENDRAL: It is an early AI expert system developed in the 1960s for chemical analysis, specifically to infer molecular structures from mass spectrometry data.