Explain the following domains of AI:

(a) Machine Learning

(b) Deep Learning

(c) Natural Language Processing

(d) Computer Vision

(a) Machine Learning — Machine Learning is a subset and fundamental domain within artificial intelligence. It focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves. It is characterised by its ability to enable computers to learn and make decisions based on data without explicit programming. Machine learning uses algorithms and historical data to predict its outcome more accurately.

(b) Deep Learning — Deep Learning is a sub-set of Machine Learning. Basically, it involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex problems. The techniques used in deep learning is a part of machine learning but, the reverse action does not hold true. It uses complex algorithms and neural networks to train a model.

(c) Natural Language Processing — Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the domains of artificial intelligence that helps computers to read, understand or write text in the same way as humans. It involves the interaction between computers and human language and emphasises on enabling machines to understand, interpret and generate human language. NLP is significant because of its ability to bridge the communication gap between humans and machines. It enables Chatbots to understand and respond to user queries, automates language translation and extracts insights from text data.

(d) Computer Vision — Computer Vision is one of the domains of Artificial Intelligence that works almost in the same manner as human vision. It uses machine learning and neural networks to enable computers and machines to interpret and understand visual information from the digital world such as images, videos, any visual inputs, etc. It takes actions, makes decisions and makes recommendations based on the input information. If AI is the brain of computers and machines, Computer Vision is like the eyes of computers and machines.