Chemistry
Explain the trend in general of ionization potential of elements :
(a) on moving from left to right across a period
(b) on moving down a group.
Give reasons for the change in the periodic trend in each case.
Periodic Table
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Answer
(a) On moving from left to right across a period, the ionization potential increases.
The ionization potential of element tends to increase across a period because the atomic size decreases due to an increase in nuclear charge and electrons in the outermost shell are more strongly held because of which greater energy is required to remove the electron.
(b) On moving down a group ionization potential decreases.
On moving down the group, atomic size, as well as, nuclear charge increases. Due to the increase in atomic size the ionization potential decreases and due to the increase in nuclear charge the ionization potential should increase However, the effect of increase in atomic size dominates over the effect of increase in nuclear charge. Hence, ionization potential decreases down the group.
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Down a group electronegativity should increase with increase in nuclear charge but it is seen that the electronegativity decreases.
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