History & Civics
The fall of these Tamil dynasties marked the end of an era, but their contributions remained deeply rooted in Tamil history and culture. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(a) What factors contributed to the decline of the Chera, Chola, and Pandya kingdoms?
(b) How did these dynasties leave a lasting impact on Tamil trade, literature, and cultural heritage?
(c) Discuss the role of Sangam literature in preserving the legacy of the Tamil dynasties.
Sangam Age
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Answer
(a) The dynasties of the Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas persisted in later historical periods, notably during the medieval period. The decline of these dynasties was due to internal conflicts, succession disputes, frequent wars, and external invasions. Over time, political instability and loss of control over trade routes also weakened their power.
(b) The Cheras, Cholas, and Pandyas promoted trade with foreign lands, making Tamilakam a major trading hub. They patronized poets and scholars, resulting in a rich body of Tamil literature. Their support for temples, art, and architecture helped shape Tamil cultural identity, which left a lasting impact on Tamil society.
(c) Sangam literature, along with classical works like Tirukkural by Thiruvalluvar, provides important insights into various aspects of life of the ancient Tamils. The Tamil Grammatical works and Tamil Epics have proved very useful in forming an idea of the social, economic and cultural life of the ancient Tamils. These poems and texts serve as key sources for understanding the legacy of the Chera, Chola, and Pandya dynasties, including their governance, values, and contributions to Tamil society.
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Related Questions
Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
"Early Cholas ruled over the kingdom of Tamil Nadu during the pre and post Sangam period (C. 600 BCE to 300 CE). Their early capitals were Urayur/Uraiyur (Tiruchirapalli) and Kaveripattinam. Mention of the early Chola, Chera and Pandayas is made in the Ashokan inscriptions (second and thirteenth rock edits). Karikala Chola was the most prominent of the early Cholas who is referred to in a number of Sangam poetic compositions."
(Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/84174/3/Unit-7.pdf)
(a) How did the location of the Chola kingdom contribute to its agricultural prosperity?
(b) Discuss King Karikalan's contributions to the Chola dynasty, focusing cn his military achievements and the construction of Kallanai.
(c) How did the Cholas contribute to Tamil art, literature, and architecture?
The Sangam Age is considered a golden age due to its flourishing literature, societal advancements, and the contributions of the Cheras, Pandyas, and Cholas. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(a) How does Sangam literature provide insights into the political and cultural life of this period?
(b) How do other Tamil poems provide a comprehensive picture of life during the Sangam Age?
(c) What themes dominate Sangam literature, and why are they important?
With reference to the picture given below answer the following questions.
(a) Identify the picture.
(b) Why was it erected?
(c) Describe its significance.
What were the key factors that made the Sangam Age an economically prosperous period in Tamil history?