(i) Given,
a−a1=5
Using identity,
⇒(a+a1)2−(a−a1)2=4⇒(a+a1)2−(5)2=4⇒(a+a1)2−5=4⇒(a+a1)2=4+5⇒(a+a1)2=9⇒(a+a1)=9⇒(a+a1)=±3
Hence, (a+a1)=±3.
(ii) Given,
(a+a1)=±3.
Case 1:
(a+a1)=+3.
We know that,
⇒(a+a1)3=a3+a31+3(a+a1)
Substituting values we get :
⇒33=a3+a31+3×3⇒27=a3+a31+9⇒a3+a31=27−9=18.
Case 2:
(a+a1)=−3.
We know that,
⇒(a+a1)3=a3+a31+3(a+a1)
Substituting values we get :
⇒(−3)3=a3+a31+3×(−3)⇒−27=a3+a31−9⇒a3+a31=−27+9=−18.
Hence, a3+a31=±18.