History & Civics
The First War of Independence led to the growth of Nationalism in India. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(i) Who was the founder of Congress? Mention any two organisations which were precursors to the Congress.
(ii) Mention any three objectives of the Congress.
(iii) Mention any two contributions each of:
(a) Jyotiba Phule
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
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Answer
(i) The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume in 1885. Two organisations which were precursors to the Congress are:
- East India Association (1866)
- Indian Association (1876).
(ii) Three objectives of the Indian National Congress are:
- To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country.
- To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province.
- To train and organise public opinion in the country.
(iii) (a) Two contributions of Jyotiba Phule are:
- Caste Abolition: Phule fought against the caste system and founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 to uplift the lower castes and promote social equality.
- Education for Women and Lower Castes: He opened the first school for girls in Pune in 1848 and advocated for education among the oppressed.
(b) Two contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy are:
- Founder of Brahmo Samaj: Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828, promoting monotheism and social reform, challenging idol worship and caste discrimination.
- Abolition of Sati: He campaigned against the practice of Sati, leading to its prohibition by the British in 1829.
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