What are the fundamental concepts of boolean algebra?

Boolean algebra, also known as Logical Algebra, was developed by George Boole in 1847 to deal with logical problems in Mathematics by using only two values, i.e., digits 0 (zero) and 1 (one), or 'False' and 'True', or 'ON' and 'OFF' logical states. The fundamental concepts of Boolean algebra are:

1. Boolean Variable — A data type that can hold one of two values — 1 or 0, On or Off, True or False. It is commonly used in programming for decision-making, logical operations and control flow.
2. Truth Table — A mathematical table used to represent the possible outcomes of a logical expression based on all possible combinations of its inputs.
3. Logical Operators — Symbols or words used to combine two or more expressions. The most common logical operators include AND, OR and NOT.
4. Logic Gates — Integrated circuits used to perform logical operations or Boolean functions. The three fundamental gates are AND, OR and NOT.