Give reasons for the following :

To attain stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas —

1. Hydrogen atom ¹₁H — needs one electron.
2. Oxygen atom ¹⁶₈O — needs two electrons.
3. Nitrogen atom ¹⁴₇N — needs three electrons.
4. Carbon atom ¹²₆C — needs four electrons.
5. Chlorine atom ³⁵₁₇Cl — needs one electron.

1. As the atomic number of H is 1 and its electronic configuration is 1, it needs one electron to attain the nearest noble gas He configuration, i.e. 2 electrons in the first shell (duplet rule).
2. As the atomic number of O is 8 and its electronic configuration is 2,6, it needs two electrons to attain the nearest noble gas Ne configuration, i.e. 8 electrons in the valence shell (octet rule).
3. As the atomic number of N is 7 and its electronic configuration is 2,5, it needs three electrons to attain the nearest noble gas Ne configuration, i.e. 8 electrons in the valence shell (octet rule).
4. As the atomic number of C is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2,4, it needs four electrons to attain the nearest noble gas Ne configuration, i.e. 8 electrons in the valence shell (octet rule).
5. As the atomic number of Cl is 17 and its electronic configuration is 2,8,7, it needs one electron to attain the nearest noble gas Ar configuration, i.e. 8 electrons in the valence shell (octet rule).