The Amazon rain forest is referred to as the ‘Lungs of the Earth’. It plays an important role in climate regulation through photosynthesis. However, this delicate ecosystem is facing threats from deforestation, climate change and human encroachment which can lead to irreversible environmental consequences.

(a) How does photosynthesis contribute to the Amazon rain forests’ reputation as the ‘Lungs of the Earth’?

(b) In what way is the environment affected by deforestation?

(c) Name the pigment that captures the light energy during photosynthesis.

Ravi cuts his finger while chopping vegetables. The bleeding from the injury did not stop immediately. What kind of genetic disorder is he suffering from?

Human kidney is a complex organ. Kidneys receive blood through blood vessels which directly branch from the Aorta. Inside each kidney are tiny functional units which filter the blood.

(a) Name the blood vessels that supply blood to the kidneys.

(b) Which are the functional units that filter the blood?

Divya performed an experiment on photosynthesis. At the end of the experiment, she tested the experimental leaf for the presence of starch. During the starch test she first boiled the leaf in water and then in methylated spirit.

(a) Why did she boil the leaf in water?

(b) Mention the reason why she then boiled the leaf in methylated spirit.