Governments all over the world are promoting 'zero waste generation' by continuously reusing resources. The key concepts (or R's) of zero waste are Refuse the use of waste generating products; Reduce the amount of wastes; Reuse; Recycle and Rot or compost organic waste. With reference to zero-waste answer the following questions:

(a) Write a note on using 'Rot' as a method of household waste management.

(b) 'Refuse' empowers customers to choose eco-friendly products. Comment.

(c) The fashion industry is placing tremendous stress on resources with the rapidly changing fashion trends. Briefly explain how this industry can make itself sustainable.

(d) On June 5, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a tree plantation campaign to honour mothers: Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam. How would this campaign aid in sustainability?

(a) "Rot," or composting of waste is an aerobic (in the presence of air) method of decomposing solid wastes. The organic wastes from households are made to undergo decomposition in such a way that bacteria and other micro-organisms break them down and produce a safe, clean and soil-like material called compost.

(b) 'Refuse' means saying no to products that are harmful to the environment, such as single-use plastics, or items made from non-recyclable materials. By refusing such products, customers influence the market and encourage companies to offer more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. This empowers individuals to make conscious choices that reduce waste at the source, conserve natural resources, and promote a cleaner environment. Refusing is a proactive step towards building a more responsible and sustainable society.

(c) The fashion industry can make itself sustainable by adopting the following practices:

1. Slow Fashion Movement: Encouraging longer-lasting trends instead of fast-changing ones, so that clothes are worn for a longer time and waste is reduced.
2. Eco-friendly Materials: Using organic cotton, recycled fabrics, and biodegradable materials that are less harmful to the environment.
3. Recycling and Upcycling: Reusing old clothes creatively to make new garments, reducing the need for new raw materials.
4. Ethical Production: Ensuring safe working conditions, and environmentally responsible manufacturing processes.
5. Water and Energy Efficiency: Reducing water usage in dyeing and washing processes and using renewable energy sources in production.

(d) The "Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam" campaign encourages people to plant a tree in honour of their mothers. The campaign blends emotional connection with environmental action, making it a powerful tool for sustainable development. This initiative supports sustainability in several key ways:

1. Increases green cover
2. Helps improve air quality and absorb carbon dioxide
3. Promotes environmental awareness
4. Improves biodiversity
5. Conserves soil and water
6. Boosts community participation