How are the plants grouped based on their flower or seed-bearing ability?

Based on whether a plant produces flower and seeds or not, the plant kingdom is divided into two categories:

1. Non-seeded plants or Cryptogams — These are the plants that do not produce flowers or seeds. They do not have special male and female reproductive units to produce seeds. So, their reproduction is termed as hidden reproduction. Cryptogams are further divided into three groups — Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.
2. Seed-bearing plants or Phanerogams — They include the plants that have special organs for reproduction. These plants bear male and female reproductive units to produce seeds. They are further divided into two categories — Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.