How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?

The crop production depends upon many biotic and abiotic factors that affect the plant growth and productivity.

Biotic factors — Some of the biotic factors are type of variety, insects and pests, diseases caused by plant pathogens etc. Varieties are designed to increase yield, increase disease resistance and wider adaptability. Insects, pests and diseases are responsible for harming crops and decrease productivity.

Abiotic factors — Abiotic factors like drought, salinity, water logging, heat, cold and frost, humidity, wind, sunshine (photoperiod) affect the crop production. Every crop requires a fix set of abiotic condition required for its optimum production. Any deviation in any of the factor can lead to decrease in production. For instance, increase in temperature during flowering may decrease the pollination and grain formation in wheat.