How the following factors became causes for the rise of Fascism and Nazism in Italy and Germany respectively?

(a) Rise of Totalitarian Ideologies (Dictatorial Ideas)

(b) Industralists' full support to the Fascists

(c) Dictators' personal charisma to inspire people

(a) Rise of Totalitarian Ideologies became a cause for the rise of Fascism and Nazism in Italy and Germany respectively.

1. The philosophy of Hegel, a German philosopher, had flourished in Italy for years before Fascism was thought of.
2. His philosophy had a great intellectual depth.
3. But his pupils used Hegelian arguments to justify an authoritarian regime.
4. In fact, irrational and anti-intellectual thoughts of Alfred Rocco, an Italian nationalist, had got the upper hand now.
5. It appealed to the masses because it glorified power or even sheer force.
6. In Russia, after the Revolution of 1917, the government had been using terror to enforce obedience.
7. Political power in Russia was now monopolised by one party, i.e., Communist Party.
8. Dictatorial ideas or principles appealed to the masses in Italy and Germany also.

(b) Many writers are of the opinion that the Fascist and the Nazi parties were being supported mainly by industrialists, big businessmen and the landlords.

1. The economy was in crisis and the workers were agitating for higher wages and better conditions of work.
2. Italy seemed to be heading towards a Communist Revolution.
3. The industrialists viewed the growing strength of the labour unions with alarm.
4. It is said that financial support for Fascism came largely from the monied classes who wished to suppress the workers.
5. Mussolini's followers destroyed all Socialist head-quarters and Labour Union Offices in Livorno, Genoa and other key cities.

(c) Mussolini and Hitler were able to attract, influence and inspire people by their personal qualities.

1. In Italy Mussolini was called 'Duce', which means the Leader.
2. He used the technique that highlighted his low background and showed him working on some humble job.
3. The masses sympathized with him.
4. Later his role as Duce "the Leader" was magnified, or rather, glorified.
5. The Germans adored Hitler as their Saviour.
6. He adopted the designation of 'Fuehrer', i.e., the Leader.