(a) Identify the persons in the given picture. Which agreement for a joint scheme of political reforms was signed by these two persons? The agreement was signed post which international event?

(b) Mention any three factors that led to the signing of this agreement.

(c) State any two significant outcomes of this agreement.

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(a) The persons in the given picture are M.A. Jinnah and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
They signed the Lucknow Pact in 1916.
The agreement was signed post the start of the First World War (1914-1919).

(b) Three factors that led to the signing of the Lucknow Pact in 1916 were-

1. National Events — The important national events that changed the attitude of the Muslim League were:
   
   1. Annulment of Bengal Partition.
   2. Nationalist Muslims like Abul Kalam Azad and the Ali Brothers - Maulana Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, mobilized support for self-government.
   3. Tilak’s release in 1914 and arrests of Muslim leaders under the 'Seditious Meetings Act' brought Congress and the League closer.
2. Changes in the Objectives of the Muslim League — There were important changes in Muslim League’s Objectives:
   
   1. In 1913, the League amended its constitution to support self-government under British rule.
   2. Shared political goals led to cooperation with Congress.
   3. Annie Besant and Tilak played key roles in uniting the two groups.
3. Congress Unity — A compromise was reached between the two factions of the Congress:
   1. Annie Besant helped reunite Early and Assertive Nationalists.
   2. Tilak rejoined Congress in 1916, facilitating Congress-League collaboration.

(c) Two significant outcomes of this agreement were:

1. Hindu-Muslim Unity — The joint scheme symbolised Hindu-Muslim unity. Both the communities agreed to compromise in some areas for the common good. As a result of this pact, the Hindus and the Muslims worked together from 1916 to 1922.
2. Unity Within the Congress — The Lucknow Session and the signing of the Lucknow Pact brought about unity between the Assertive Nationalists and the Early Nationalists. As a result, the Congress was strengthened.