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Mathematics

If (x + 2) and (x + 3) are factors of x3 + ax + b, find the values of a and b.

Factorisation

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Answer

f(x) = x3 + ax + b

If (x + 2) or (x - (-2)) and (x + 3) or (x - (-3)) are factors of f(x) then, f(-2) and f(-3) = 0.

f(2)=(2)3+(2)a+b=082a+b=0b=2a+8  (Equation 1)\therefore f(-2) = (-2)^3 + (-2)a + b = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow -8 - 2a + b = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow b = 2a + 8 \text{ \space (Equation 1)}

f(3)=(3)3+(3)a+b=0273a+b=0\therefore f(-3) = (-3)^3 + (-3)a + b = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow -27 - 3a + b = 0

Putting value of b = 2a + 8 from equation 1,

273a+2a+8=027a+8=0a19=0a=19b=2a+8=38+8=30\Rightarrow -27 - 3a + 2a + 8 = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow -27 - a + 8 = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow -a - 19 = 0 \\[0.5em] \Rightarrow a = -19 \\[0.5em] \therefore b = 2a + 8 = -38 + 8 = -30

Hence, the value of a is -19 and that of b is -30.

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