History & Civics
The Indian National Movement is divided into three phases. With reference to the Second Phase of the Indian National Movement, answer the following questions:
(i) Who partitioned Bengal? Mention any two points to explain the perspective of the Nationalists regarding the actual motive behind the decision of Partition.
(ii) What was the objective of the Assertive Nationalists? Mention any two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
(iii) In which year was the Muslim League formed? Mention any three objectives of the Muslim League.
2ⁿᵈ Phase of INM
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Answer
(i) Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India was responsible for the Partition of Bengal in 1905. The actual motives behind the partition from the perspective of the Nationalists were:
- The Partition of the state was intended to curb Bengali influence by not only placing Bengalis under two administrations but by reducing them to a minority in Bengal itself.
- The Partition was meant to foster division on the basis of religion. East Bengal would be predominantly a Muslim majority state and West Bengal would have a Hindu majority.
(ii) The main objective of the Assertive Nationalists was the immediate attainment of complete independence or 'Swaraj'. Two contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak are:
- Demand for Swaraj: Tilak was the first to openly declare the demand for Swaraj. "Swaraj is my birth right," he said, "and I shall have iť".
- Established Home Rule League: Tilak set up a Home Rule League at Pune in 1916 to attain home rule or a dominion status for India under the British Empire along the lines of countries like Canada and Australia.
(iii) Muslim League was formed in 1906.
Objectives of the Muslim League —
- To promote, among the Muslims of India, support for the British government and to remove any misconceptions regarding the intention of the government in relation to Indian Muslims.
- To protect and advance the political rights and interests of the Muslims and to represent their needs and aspirations to the government in mild and moderate language.
- To prevent the rise of feelings of hostility between the Muslims of India and other communities.
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