Robotics & Artificial Intelligence
What are the input and output pins on an Arduino board?
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Answer
On an Arduino Uno, the pins used to connect external components are mainly input and output pins.
- Input pins take signals into the Arduino from devices like sensors, switches, and buttons.
- Output pins send signals from the Arduino to devices like LEDs, buzzers, and motor drivers (as HIGH = 5V or LOW = 0V).
The Arduino Uno has digital I/O pins (D0–D13) and analog input pins (A0–A5). Some digital pins also provide PWM output for speed/brightness control.
Pin Table (Arduino Uno)
| Pin Type | Pin Numbers (All) | Use / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Digital Input/Output | D0–D13 | Can work as INPUT or OUTPUT (set using pinMode). |
| Analog Input | A0–A5 | Used to take analog sensor input. (Can also be used as digital pins D14–D19.) |
| PWM Output Pins | D3, D5, D6, D9, D10, D11 | Give PWM output (analog-like output) for motor speed / LED brightness control. |
| Serial Communication Pins | D0 (RX), D1 (TX) | Used for serial data transfer (USB communication). |
Power pins like 5V, 3.3V, GND, Vin are not I/O pins; they are used only for power connections.
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