Which of the following was not the result of Alexander's invasion?

1. New trade routes between Europe and India were opened.
2. Nanda dynasty established their rule over Magadha.
3. It helped in the chronological reconstruction of ancient Indian history.

The structure of government followed by the people of Vrijji can most appropriately be termed as …………… .

1. monarchical.
2. democratic.
3. republican.

Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): The Gupta Dynasty is considered to be the 'Golden Age' of Indian history.

Reasoning (R): The Gupta Kings made and distributed coins made of gold.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
3. Only (A) is true and (R) is false.

Whom did the Guptas not defend their territories against?

1. Hunas
2. Sakas
3. Mughals