History & Civics
Look at the newspaper clipping given below and answer the question that follow:
(a) Who is referred to as 'Black Shirt Leader' in the newspaper clipping shown above? Why did he enter Rome?
(b) Who was the 'King’ with whom the 'Black Shirt Leader’ was to confer? What did the King do?
(c) State any three consequences of the incident.
Rise of Dictatorships
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Answer
(a) Benito Mussolini is referred to as the 'Black Shirt Leader' in the given newspaper clipping. He had formed a group called 'Fascios' who wore black uniform and were known as Black-Shirts. Mussolini was their leader.
Mussolini put forward few demands after a conference of the Fascist Party at Naples in October 1922. These demands were turned down by the Emperor of Italy. Therefore, Mussolini marched towards Rome and entered Rome to attack but he faced no resistance and was invited to form government.
(b) The 'King’ with whom the 'Black Shirt Leader’ was to confer was Victor Emmanuel III. The King invited Mussolini to form a new government.
(c) The three consequences of the incident were:
- He undertook measures to strengthen economy of Italy and to reduce unemployment. All efforts were made to eradicate illiteracy by making elaborate provisions for education.
- He followed an aggressive foreign policy to revive the past glories of the Roman Empire.
- Mussolini fostered a cult of personality, projecting himself as an omnipotent and indispensable leader. His government expelled all opposition, including Socialist members, and arrested all Communist members of Parliament.
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Related Questions
Due to Fascism, Italy made progress in different spheres of life and became a powerful nation. With reference to the results of Fascism in Italy, explain the following:
(a) Reforms introduced in Italy to improve the economic condition of the people.
(b) Aggressive foreign policy under Mussolini.
(c) Negative impact of Fascism in Italy.
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(a) Any three circumstances that led to the rise of Fascism in Italy.
(b) Any three domestic policies of Hitler.
(c) How were the foreign policies of Hitler responsible for the outbreak of the Second World War?
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(a) Identify the two leaders in the picture. How did they establish a totalitarian states in their respective countries?
(b) State three factors that led to the rise of leader (A).
(c) State four similarities between the ideologies followed by these two people.
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