How does a machine begin to learn? Explain with an example.

A machine begins to learn by being trained with a large amount of data and identifying patterns within the data. The more examples the program sees and the more it practices with that data set, the better it becomes in its recognition capabilities.

Example: Suppose we want to make a computer program learn how to differentiate between an apple and an orange. To do so, we would start by showing it numerous pictures of both the objects i.e., apples and oranges. The program will look at the pictures and try to find similarities or patterns between them. It might notice that apple can be of the colour green or red but oranges can only be orange in colour. Based on these patterns, the program recognises and can make an informed decision about any specified picture fed into its system - recognising if it is an apple or an orange. This is how the machine begins to learn.